پژوهش نامه اسلامی زنان و خانواده
سال دهم شماره 28 (پاییز 1401)

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of the treatment of intimacy based on an Islamic approach on marital disillusionment and conflicts of women referring to counseling centers with a quasi-experimental method and pretest-posttest design with a control group. The population included the women referring to counseling centers in the city of Arak, because of having marital conflicts, and 30 women were selected by the convenience sampling and were randomly placed in the test and control groups (15 women in each group). The data of variables were collected with Kayser's marital disillusionment questionnaire and Thanaei's marital conflicts questionnaire, before and after the intervention. They were analyzed by the analysis of covariance. According to the results, there is a significant difference between marital disillusionment and marital conflicts in the two groups of test and control, and the treatment of intimacy based on an Islamic approach significantly influences marital disillusionment and conflicts. Therefore, it can be said that the followings are the effective ways to decrease marital disillusionment and conflicts: the treatment of intimacy based on self-knowledge, verbal and non-verbal communicative skills, couples' awareness of each other's duties, observing family privacy, the importance of sexual relationships, and presenting Islamic solutions.

This correlational research was conducted with the purpose of investigating the causal relationship of conceiving parenting styles and religious orientation with the mediation of the functions of thinking styles with a quasi-experimental method. The population was all undergraduate girl students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, and 250 girls were randomly selected as the sample. The data were gathered with Baumrind's parenting styles questionnaire, Allport's and Figen's religious orientation scale, and Strenberg's and Wagner's thinking styles questionnaire. The results showed that according to the fit indices, there is an appropriate fit of the model test. The results of bootstrap test were meaningful for the path of authoritarian parenting style to internal religion through the mediation of judicial thinking style. Moreover, authoritarian parenting style has a positive and significant effect on both judicial thinking style and executive thinking style. Careless parenting style has a negative effect on executive thinking style, and autocratic parenting style has a positive effect on executive thinking style. In addition, careless parenting style has a positive effect on external religion, legal thinking style has a negative effect on internal religion, and judicial thinking style has a positive effect on internal religion. Therefore, it can be said that authoritarian parenting style influences the choice of children's thinking style and causes the internalization of religious values and knowledge.

The society of Muslim Brothers is a transnational movement of Sunni Islamist and one of the biggest effective political currents in the recent decade in the world of Islam that women's effective role in political and social events of this current is not undeniable. This descriptive-documentary study was conducted with the aim of investigating the evolution of women's political and social participation from the view of the Muslim Brothers' scholars. After reviewing the related sources, a research that independently focuses on this issue was not found. According to the results, the dependent variable, women's political and social participation, depends on the governance view of the Muslim Brothers' scholars in the form of three governance models. In the model of "Islamic governance", regarding the time and the view of the Muslim Brothers' scholars on the verses and narratives, women's participation is limited to political and social affairs. In the governance model of "Islamic socialism", equity is more visible. In the model of "civil governance", due to the increase of literacy rate and women's demands, and some scholars' new approach to religious teachings, there is a considerable evolution, so that women's participation in all political and social fields, except leadership and governing, is acceptable; although, one scholar believing in this model, says that women can even be a governor.

One of the most important family damages is husband's disobedience that provides many challenges in couples' and family members' relationships. This analytical-documentary research aimed to analyze that concept, its examples, and the solutions for removing it from the view of the Holy Quran, based on verse 128 of Surah Nesa. Reviewing interpretative and religious sources concluded that the disobedience has different meanings and rulings. If husband's disobedience means that he dislikes his wife along with the will to divorce, or it means a strong desire for sex, his wife can ignore some of her rights in order to absorb his husband's interest in keeping their common life. If husband's disobedience means that he disagrees with the rights and requirements for which is responsible, his wife will have the right to advise her husband to respect her rights, and if necessary, she will refer to a ruler so that the ruler obliges her husband to respect her wife's rights, and if the husband still refuses, he will be punished. Moreover, the disobedience may mean husband's desire for sex with others that it is called cheating, which has its own rulings.

General policies mean to plan a system based on some ideals and goals and they have an important role in directing legal system and organizing the cultural and social problems. In the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the determination of general policies is done by the leadership along with the consultation of the Council of Expediency, and its good implementation is also supervised by the leadership that its responsibility is entrusted to the Council of Expediency. The Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution also considers itself as a policy-maker. This descriptive-analytical study aimed to investigate the pathology of policy-making process, the supervision of its proper implementation, and the assessment of the content of general family policies. According to the results, the general family policies are not effective enough, because of the large number of policy-making authorities, the ambiguity in the supervision ways of implementation of general policies, the mixing of general policies with executive plans, and legal inflation in organizing family problems. As a result, the followings are some practical solutions for modifying the policymaking process and its problems: the centralization of policy-making and implementation supervision, the reduction of general policies, and the refinement of general policies.

One of the challenges of women's human rights that has been considered over recent years is the issue of female genital mutilation. This descriptive-documentary study aimed to investigate the prohibition of female genital mutilation from the viewpoint of international human rights; thus, the following question was examined: why has the female genital mutilation been prohibited from the viewpoint of international human rights and what actions have the international organizations and institutions been doing? The results indicated that the female genital mutilation violates women's basic human rights, such as the right to good health and the prohibition of its use requires more serious actions done by the governments and international organizations and institutions. In addition, the governments should execute the recommendations of institutions' international human rights agreements.

TWomen play an important role in determining family consumption pattern and decreasing environmental pollutions. They can prevent risky actions that damage the environment by their function. This descriptive-documentary research was conducted with the purpose of investigating the Islamic view on environment protection, the relationship between humans and nature, and the solutions for increasing women's participation in environment activities. According to the results, respecting the Islamic teachings, including the spirit of contentment and the avoidance of overconsumption which is emphasized in Islam, can be effective in protecting the environment and preventing the destruction of natural resources.